Copy and paste the following script.
<script language="ecmascript" type="text/ecmascript">
        var item;
        var list;
        var file;
        function fileMajorandMinorVersion() {
            var clientContext = SP.ClientContext.get_current();
            if (clientContext != undefined && clientContext != null) {
                var webSite = clientContext.get_web();
                this.list = webSite.get_lists().getByTitle("Shared Documents");
                this.item = list.getItemById(16);
                this.file = this.item.get_file();
                clientContext.load(this.file);
                clientContext.executeQueryAsync(Function.createDelegate(this, this.OnLoadSuccess), Function.createDelegate(this, this.OnLoadFailed));
            }
        }
        function OnLoadSuccess(sender, args) {
            var version = "Major Version: " + this.file.get_majorVersion() + '\n' + "Minor Version: " + this.file.get_minorVersion();
            alert(version)
        }
        function OnLoadFailed(sender, args) {
            alert('Request failed. ' + args.get_message() + '\n' + args.get_stackTrace());
        }</script>
        <input id="btnFileMajorandMinorVersion" onclick="fileMajorandMinorVersion()" type="button" value="File Major and Minor Version"/>