Accessing a List object within the containing class-object.

Question

Hello again. I am continuing my experimental work on this text based game and using this as a hands-on learning and am having a little bit of trouble with the scope of a list defined within.

I have written a couple classes, with the help of some knowledgeable members here, to deal with the functionality I require. playerData.cs class is to hold information on individual players. playerFunctions.cs is used to define functions which can be performed on the list of players (playerList) as well as eventually functions to be performed on individual members(players) of the list as well.

Now, my problem is not that I am getting errors. Currently the rar that I uploaded does throw an error which I created while attempting to fix the scope problem I am dealing with. Now to be clear, my intention is not to simply fix the problem but to understand why it was caused so I can move on. I have read on scope declarations and how they work in several contexts, but am having trouble in mine. MY understanding is this,

List<playerData> playerList = new List<playerData>();

is defined on line one of the playerFunctions class, which is in turn instantiated within the Main() function as,

playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions();

--on the first line. Now, to my understand this makes players an instantiated object of playerFunction type which has members that I (should?) be able to access from the same class. Namely,

this.playerList.Add(new playerData(name));

-- the ISSUE as a said though is not one of compile errors rather, when running the program I use the menu to add 2-3 players, then when I list it gives me nothing, no objects are listed AND the .Count of the playerList function is always 0. Which leads me to believe that the incorrect instance is being referenced OR somehow multiple instances of playerFunction are coming into play.

Sorry if my problem is vague, I'm trying to explain what is going on, alongside my understanding so that the answer will address my knowledgability shortfalls. Thanks in advance for you help.

PS: Also, if anyone has any tips on code structure I'd be happy to hear them, I'm sort of just organizing things how I think they should fit logically in my mind, but I don't know if that is the best way.

Vulpes · Answer

If you make these changes then it should compile and run OK: In program.cs: static void Main(string[] args) { playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions(); // remove this line menu menu = new menu(); menu.ShowMenu(); } In playerFunctions.cs: public void addChar(string name) // removed second parameter { this.playerList.Add(new playerData(name)); int charid = playerList.Count; Console.WriteLine(Added {0} to database using {1} character ID. name charid); } In Menu.cs: public void Initialize() { } private playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions(); // create this field public void ShowMenu() { Console.WriteLine(1) List players); Console.WriteLine(2) Add player); Console.WriteLine(3) Remove player); Console.Write(Enter your selection: ); playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions(); // remove this line int i = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); switch (i) { case 1: players.listChars(); this.ShowMenu(); break; case 2: Console.Write(Enter the characters name: ); string cname = Console.ReadLine(); players.addChar(cname); Console.WriteLine({0} added to player database. cname); this.ShowMenu(); break; case 3: Console.Write(Enter the characters name: ); string pname = Console.ReadLine(); this.ShowMenu(); break; } } You don't need to create a playerFunctions object in the Main method as this is being done in the menu object. You only need to pass the name to the addChar() method to add a new character. However the main point here is that 'players' needs to be a field in the menu class not a local variable of the ShowMenu() method. A local variable is destroyed when the method returns and worse still you're creating a new local variable (and hence a new playerFunctions object) each time the ShowMenu() method calls itself recursively. This is why you can never list the players because the current players object is empty - it's the earlier objects which contain the players and these are no longer accessible. By making players into a field the menu object only contains a single playerFunctions object and all methods (including recursively called methods) have access to it.

Vulpes · Answer

OK it sounds like you really want 'players' to be a global variable so that it can be accessed throughout the program. To do that I'd make it an internal static field of the Program class. The changes needed to the code will be as follows: In program.cs: class Program { internal static playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions(); // add this field static void Main(string[] args) { menu menu = new menu(); menu.ShowMenu(); } } In Menu.cs: public void Initialize() { } private playerFunctions players = new playerFunctions(); // remove this field public void ShowMenu() { Console.WriteLine(1) List players); Console.WriteLine(2) Add player); Console.WriteLine(3) Remove player); Console.Write(Enter your selection: ); int i = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); switch (i) { case 1: Program.players.listChars(); // now refers to global variable this.ShowMenu(); break; case 2: Console.Write(Enter the characters name: ); string cname = Console.ReadLine(); Program.players.addChar(cname); // now refers to global variable Console.WriteLine({0} added to player database. cname); this.ShowMenu(); break; case 3: Console.Write(Enter the characters name: ); string pname = Console.ReadLine(); this.ShowMenu(); break; } }

Steffon Scott · Answer

Thank you Vulpes. That fixed the problem and now characters are being added to the listing and able to be recalled. I have one more question before I close this query out and it is this: playerFunctions is a class with methods that are to going to be used throughout the entire life of the program not really linked at all to the menu class and the reason why I put it there in the first place was to address the issue occuring when I placed the instantiating statement within the Program class outside of the main function which in turn apparently cannot be referenced within other classes. I'm trying to organize and encapsulate everything properly in this learning experience and would like to get advice on where this instantiation should go in the context I've provided.