Introduction
In this article I will explain Traits in PHP. A trait is similar to a class and an abstract class. Traits are a new feature introduced by PHP 5.4 and is a very powerful feature in PHP 5.4 but this feature is not supported in prior versions of PHP. The traits mechanism enables code reuse in a single inheritance using PHP that cannot be instantiated on its own. Traits is one of the most significant additions for PHP. Traits are like horizontal code and are for reusing for common stuff like log-in, security, caching etcetera.
Example
Trait syntax looks like this:
<?php
class database extends Mysql
{
}
class Mysqli extends Mysql
{
}
?>
Example
This example shows precedence order in traits. An class inherited from the "abc" class is overridden by a member inserted by a trait.
<?php
class abc{
public function helloabc()
{
echo 'hello ';
}
}
trait helloMCN{
public function helloabc()
{
parent::helloabc();
echo 'MCN!';
}
}
class MyhelloMCN extends abc
{
use helloMCN;
}
$s = new MyhelloMCN();
$s->helloabc();
?>
Output
![cal.jpg]()
Example
Example of an alternate precedence order in traits.
<?php
trait abc
{
public function helloabc()
{
echo 'hello MCN!';
}
}
class helloisnotenough {
use abc;
public function helloabc() {
echo 'hello csharpcorner!';
}
}
$s = new helloisnotenough();
$s->helloabc();
?>
Output
![cal1.jpg]()
Example
Example of multiple traits. Multiple traits allow you to insert into a class by listing them in the "use" statement and separated by the commas operator.
<?php
trait abc{
public function helloabc()
{
echo 'hello ';
}
}
trait xyz{
public function helloxyz()
{
echo 'MCN';
}
}
class myMCN {
use abc, xyz;
public function helloExclamation()
{
echo '!';
}
}
$s = new myMCN();
$s->sayabc();
$s->sayxyz();
$s->helloExclamation();
?>
Output
![cal.jpg]()