Filter Servlet in Java

Satyapriya Nayak
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Filter:

It is a program which executes on the time of responding to a request to a specific URL. The filter resides in a webserver. Whenever the user makes the request to the associated URL then the request goes to the filter. The filter can modify the request or perform any task before passing the request to the destination.

Creation process of a filter

Create a class by inheriting javax.servlet.filter interface.
Override the methods of the filter interface. The methods are as follows:

public void init()
public void doFilter(servletRequest req,servletResponse res,filterchain chain)
public void destroy()
Perform the required task inside doFilter()
Transfer request and response to the destination by using doFilter() of filterchain.

Storing, compilation and deployment of filter

Store the filter file inside classes' folder of the context.
Compile the filter file by using servlet-api.jar in classpath.
Deploy the filter by using the required tags in web.xml file. The tags are as follows:

<filter>
<filter-name>This contains mapping name for the filter</filter-name>
<filter-class> This contains class name for the filter </filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name> This contains mapping name for the filter </filter-name>
<url-pattern>/ This contains the url for whom the filter will execute </url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

Example:

access.html

<html>
<body>
<h1><a href="./genserv">Visit Genserv</a></h1>
</body>
</html>

genserv.java file

//Using GenericServlet
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class genserv extends GenericServlet
{

public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res)throws IOException,ServletException
{
PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();
res.setContentType("text/html");
out.println("<html><body bgcolor='blue'>");
out.println("<h1>First Servlet</h1>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
}

Filtercounter.java file

//A filter file
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Filtercounter implements Filter {

public void init(FilterConfig con){}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)throws IOException, ServletException
{
try {
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("E:/filter/fil.txt",true);

fw.write("page accessed");
fw.close();
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
catch(Throwable t) {
System.out.println(t);
}
}
public void destroy(){}

}

Web.xml settings

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">

<filter>
<filter-name>Filtercounter</filter-name>
<filter-class>Filtercounter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Filtercounter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/genserv</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<servlet>
<servlet-name>genserv</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>genserv</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>genserv</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/genserv</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

Compile both the files as below

javac -cp servlet-api.jar genserv.java (for tomcat 6.0)
javac -cp servlet-api.jar Filtercounter.java (for tomcat 6.0)

filter in servlet

Output

Run the tomcat then write the below line in the URL

Here test is the Context path, which we mentioned in the server.xml file, which is present in (E:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\conf) directory.

http://localhost:8081/test/

After giving the URL a set a listing will come, here only one appears

As access.html,click it

filter in servlet

Note:- You will notice in E:/filter/fil.txt file how many times the user will visit this Url(http://localhost:8081/test/genserv) that number of times page access will be written to that file.

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