ECMAScript (often abbreviated as ES) is a scripting language specification that defines the syntax, semantics, and behavior of programming languages like JavaScript. It is a standard developed by Ecma International, a non-profit standards organization, and is used as the basis for various scripting languages including JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript. ECMAScript is constantly evolving, with new versions being released periodically. These versions introduce new features, syntax enhancements, and improvements to the language. Some notable versions of ECMAScript include ES5, ES6 (also known as ES2015), ES7, ES8, ES9, ES10, and ES11. Each version brings new capabilities and enhancements to the language, making it more powerful and versatile for web development and other applications. JavaScript, being the most popular implementation of ECMAScript, is widely used for web development to create interactive and dynamic websites. It allows developers to write client-side scripts that can be executed by web browsers, enabling functionalities like form validation, DOM manipulation, and asynchronous programming.