Control instructions in C#

Question

Hello friends I want to know that we have a code which is given below: int i = 2  j = i; if (Convert.ToBoolean((i | j & 5 ) & (j - 25 * 1 ))) Console.WriteLine( 1 ); else Console.WriteLine( 0 ); The Output of the program is 0 Please let anyone explain me that how it produces the output 0 in brief.

Sam Hobbs · Answer

There is a Chinese Proverb  If you give a man a fish you feed him for a day. If you teach a man to fish you feed him for a lifetime. . Let me teach you how to fish for the answer to questions such as this. First do you know how to use the debugger? Are you familiar with breakpoints? Are you familiar with the debugging commands Step Into Step Over and Step Out? If not then try to find articles about that or ask here. Next break up the code into something such as: int i = 2 j = i; int t1 t2 t3; t1 = i | j & 5; t2 = j - 25 * 1; t3 = t1 & t2; bool b = Convert.ToBoolean(t3); if (b) Console.WriteLine(1); else Console.WriteLine(0); Then put a breakpoint somewhere in there such as on the t1 = i | j & 5; line. Then debug. First use Debug | Windows | Locals to show the Locals window. You probably want to pin the window to keep it showing. Note that we cannot show the Locals debugging window unless we are debugging so you won't find it if you are not debugging. Then single-step (Step Over) each line and watch what happens to the data. Note that the data will be shown using a red font if the data has changed. I hope you learn a lot using these techniques many times in the future.

Vulpes · Answer

To understand how this works you need to look at the bit pattern of the integers involved. Both i and j are equal to 2. Also the & operator has precedence over the | operator. So in the expression (i | j & 5) we need to evaluate j & 5 first. The bit pattern of the the non-zero bytes of these numbers is: j : 00000010 5 : 00000101 j & 5 : 00000000 // 0 j & 5 is therefore 0. Also i | 0 is 2 as shown below: i : 00000010 0 : 00000000 i | 0 : 00000010 // 2 (j - 25 * 1) is (2 - 25) = -23. So 2 & -23 is (all 4 bytes): 2 : 00000000000000000000000000000010 23 : 11111111111111111111111111101001 2 & 23 : 00000000000000000000000000000000 // 0 which is 0. When 0 is converted to bool the answer is false so Console.WriteLine prints 0 rather than 1.