How can encapsulation be implemented?

Question

Hi Apart from using modifiers how can we implement encapsulation? Thanks

Kavita B · Answer

@Vulpes Thanks a loti`m just a beginner need to know many thingssometimes my questions may not be clear so please don`t mind...

Vulpes · Answer

I suppose in a very broad sense you could regard 'namespaces' as a form of encapsulation. To access types defined in the namespace you either have to 'import' it (with the 'using' directive) or use the fully qualifed name of the type (i.e. namespace.type). Other than that I can't think of any other form of encapsulation within C#. Did you have something else in mind?

Kavita B · Answer

@Vulpes Thanks for replying..Can encapsulation be implemented in any other way apart from what as been discussed till now???

Vulpes · Answer

Interfaces provide polymorphism rather than encapuslation. However as I intimated in your thread about private classes when members of an interface are implemented explicitly this does achieve a level of encapsulation (in the 'hiding functionality' sense). This is because the method isn't marked ''public' and the caller therefore needs to be aware that you need an interface reference (not a reference to an object of the class itself) to call the method. In contrast properties normally achieve encapsulation by hiding data (i.e. their backing fields).

Kavita B · Answer

@Mahesh Chand Are interfaces also used for the same?

Mahesh Chand · Answer

You can implement encapsulation by using properties in a class. A property is nothing but the gateway to a field defined in the class.