what is an clean Architecture?

Question

Deepak Tewatia · Answer

Clean Architecture is a design philosophy that emphasizes the separation of concerns within software systems. It aims to create a modular maintainable and testable architecture by defining clear boundaries and dependencies between different parts of the system. One of the key principles of Clean Architecture is the dependency rule which states that dependencies should point inwards towards the center of the system. This means that inner layers containing business logic and domain models should not depend on outer layers such as frameworks or databases. This allows for better flexibility as changes in the external layers won't affect the core logic of the application. In terms of code structure Clean Architecture often involves organizing the codebase into distinct layers such as: 1. Entity Layer: Contains the core business entities or models. 2. Use Case Layer: Includes application-specific business rules and use cases. 3. Interface Adapters: Adapts the data from the use case layer to external interfaces such as databases APIs or user interfaces. 4. Frameworks and Drivers: Contains the external frameworks tools and delivery mechanisms. Here's a basic example in Python to illustrate the concept: class User: def __init__(self id name): self.id = id self.name = name class UserUseCase: def get_user(self user_id): # Business logic to retrieve user from database pass class UserRepository: def find_by_id(self user_id): # Database-specific code to find user by ID pass In this example the `User` class represents the core entity the `UserUseCase` contains the business logic and the `UserRepository` handles the database interaction. Each component has its distinct responsibilities adhering to the principles of Clean Architecture. Real-world examples of Clean Architecture can be found in various software systems such as web applications mobile apps and enterprise systems where the separation of concerns and maintainability are crucial factors. By following Clean Architecture principles developers can create robust flexible and scalable systems that are easier to maintain and evolve over time.