Operators in Python
Operators
Operators are used to perform an operation.
Type of operators are listed below.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison (Relational) Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operators
(assume, a=10 and b=20)
| Operator |
Description | Example |
| + Addition | Adds values | a + b = 30 |
| - Subtraction | Subtracts values | a – b = -10 |
| * Multiplication | Multiplies values | a * b = 200 |
| / Division | Divides values | b / a = 2 |
| % Modulus | Divides values and returns remainder | b % a = 0 |
| ** Exponent | Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators | a**b =10 to the power 20 |
| // | Floor Division - The division of operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed. | 9//2 = 4 and 9.0//2.0 = 4.0 |
Comparison (Relational) Operators
Comparison operators compares the value and returns Boolean value , according to the condition.
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
| == | If the values of two operands are equal, then the condition becomes true. | (a == b) is not true. |
| != | If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true. |
(a != b) is true. |
| <> | If values of two operands are not equal, then condition becomes true. | (a <> b) is true. This is similar to != operator. |
| > |
If the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true. |
(a > b) is not true. |
| < |
If the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
|
(a < b) is true. |
| >= |
If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true | (a >= b) is not true. |
| <= |
If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, then condition becomes true.
|
(a <= b) is true |
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator performing operation on bits (binary numbers)
Assume a=60 and b=13
Binary of a and b are,
a=0011 1100
b=0000 1101
| Operator | Description | Example |
| & (Binary AND) | Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands | a&b = 0000 1100 |
| | (Binary OR) |
It copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | a|b = 0011 1101 |
| ^ (Binary XOR) |
It copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both | a^b = 0011 0001 |
| ~ (Binary Ones Complement) |
It is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | ~a = 1100 0011 |
| << (Binary Left Shift) | The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand |
a << = 240 (means 1111 0000) |
| >> (Binary Right Shift) | The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand |
a >> = 15 (means 0000 1111) |
Assignment Operators
| Operator |
Description | Example |
| = | Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand |
c = a + b assigns value of a + b into
|
Membership Operators
| Operator |
Description | Example |
| In | return true if variable find in sequence otherwise return false | x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y |
| not in | return false if variable find in sequence otherwise return true |
x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y.
|
Operators Precedence
| Operator | Description |
| ** | Exponentiation (raise to the power) |
| ~ + - | complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two are +@ and -@) |
| * / % // | Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division |
| + - | Addition and subtraction |
| >> << | Right and left bitwise shift |
| & | Bitwise 'AND' |
| ^ | | Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR' |
| <= < > >= |
Comparison operators |
| <> == != |
Equality operators |
| = %= /= //= -= += *= **= | Assignment operators |
| is is not | Identity operators |
| in not in | Membership operators |
| not or and | Logical operators |
Summary
In this chapter, you learnt type of operator in Python.